Semanlink - Good AND Arxiv Doc

BLP "BERT for Link Prediction". Central idea: **training an entity encoder with a
link prediction objective** (using the textual descriptions of entities when computing entity representations - hence not failing with entities unknown in training)

> a method for **learning representations
of entities**, that uses a **pre-trained Transformer** based
architecture as an entity encoder, and
**link prediction training on a knowledge graph
with textual entity descriptions**.

> using entity descriptions,
an entity encoder is trained for link prediction in
a knowledge graph. The encoder can then be used
without fine-tuning to obtain features for entity classification
and information retrieval

Cites [Xie et al](doc:2020/10/representation_learning_of_know) and [Kepler](doc:2020/11/1911_06136_kepler_a_unified_). They claim that their
objective targeted exclusively for link prediction (and not an objective that combines language modeling
and link prediction as Kepler)
performs better than Kepler's more complex one.

2020-11-03 A propos

[1909.01259] Neural Attentive Bag-of-Entities Model for Text Classification

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A model that performs **text classification using entities in a knowledge base**.

> Entities provide unambiguous and relevant semantic signals that are beneficial for capturing semantics in texts. We combine **simple high-recall entity detection based on a dictionary** (word->list of entities), to detect entities in a document, with a novel neural **attention mechanism that enables the model to focus on a small number of unambiguous and relevant entities**.

2 steps:

1. Entity detection
2. Classification using the detected entities (+text) as inputs

Regarding entity linking, a local model which uses cosine
similarity between the embedding of the target
entity and the word-based representation of
the document to capture the relevance of an entity
given a document.

Embeddings from the KB: computed using [#Wikipedia2Vec](tag:wikipedia2vec) (similar words and entities
close to one another in a unified vector space)

Model using attention, with 2 features :

- cosine similarity between the
embedding of the entity and the word based
representation of the document
- the probability that the entity
name refers to the entity in KB.

Somewhat [related](doc:2020/01/investigating_entity_knowledge_)

### Conclusion:

>a neural
network model that performs text classification using
entities in Wikipedia. We combined simple
dictionary-based entity detection with a neural attention
mechanism to enable the model to focus
on a small number of unambiguous and relevant
entities in a document.

2020-09-02 A propos

[1909.04164] Knowledge Enhanced Contextual Word Representations

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2020-05-13 A propos

[2004.14843] Knowledge Graph Embeddings and Explainable AI

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2020-05-04 A propos

[2003.05473] Investigating Entity Knowledge in BERT with Simple Neural End-To-End Entity Linking (CoNNL 2019)

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Training BERT-base-uncased on English Wikipedia and then fine-tuned and evaluating it
on an entity linking (EL) benchmark (EL implemented as a token classification over the entity vocabulary)

> BERT+Entity is a straightforward extension on top
of BERT, i.e. we initialize BERT with the publicly
available weights from the BERT-base-uncased
model and add an output classification layer on
top of the architecture. Given a contextualized token,
the classifier computes the probability of an
entity link for each entry in the entity vocabulary.

Can BERT’s architecture learn all entity
linking steps jointly? To answer:

> an extreme
simplification of the **entity linking setup that
works surprisingly well**: simply cast it as **a
per token classification over the entire entity
vocabulary** (over 700K classes in our case).

> the model
is the first that performs entity linking without any
pipeline or any heuristics, compared to all prior
approaches. We found that with our approach we
can learn additional entity knowledge in BERT that
helps in entity linking. **However, we also found
that almost none of the downstream tasks really
required entity knowledge**.

### Related work

- > [Durrett and Klein (2014)](/doc/2020/01/a_joint_model_for_entity_analys) were the first to propose
jointly modelling Mention detection, Candidate generation and Entity disambiguation in a graphical
model and could show that each of those steps are
interdependent and benefit from a joint objective

This paper uses neural techniques instead of CRF.

- > [Yamada](/showprop.do?pptyuri=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semanlink.net%2F2001%2F00%2Fsemanlink-schema%23arxiv_author&pptyval=Ikuya%2BYamada) (2016, 2017) was the first to
investigate neural text representations and entity
linking, but their approach is limited to ED.

cf. [#Wikipedia2Vec](tag:wikipedia2vec). Compare with [newer work by Yamada](doc:2020/09/1909_01259_neural_attentive_b)

2020-01-09 A propos

[1807.00082] Amanuensis: The Programmer's Apprentice

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**The use of natural language to facilitate communication
between the expert programmer and apprentice AI system.**

> an overview of the material covered in a course taught at Stanford in the spring quarter of 2018. The course draws upon **insight from cognitive and systems neuroscience to implement hybrid connectionist and symbolic reasoning systems** that leverage and extend the state of the art in machine learning **by integrating human and machine intelligence**. As a concrete example we focus on digital assistants that learn from continuous dialog with an expert software engineer while providing initial value as powerful analytical, computational and mathematical savants.

> [#Dehaene](/tag/stanislas_dehaene)'s work extends the [#Global Workspace Theory](/tag/global_workspace_theory) of Bernard Baars. Dehaene’s version of the theory combined with Yoshua Bengio’s concept of a [#consciousness prior](/tag/consciousness_prior.html) and deep reinforcement learning suggest a model for constructing and maintaining the cognitive states that arise and persist during complex problem solving.

2019-11-12 A propos

[1905.10070] Label-aware Document Representation via Hybrid Attention for Extreme Multi-Label Text Classification

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2019-06-22 A propos

[1810.00438] Parameter-free Sentence Embedding via Orthogonal Basis

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2018-10-06 A propos

[1801.06146] Universal Language Model Fine-tuning for Text Classification

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2018-01-19 A propos

[1709.08568] The Consciousness Prior

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2017-09-29 A propos