Semanlink - Good ; NN 4 NLP AND NLP@Google

Google "We Have No Moat, And Neither Does OpenAI"

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> low-cost public involvement was enabled
by a vastly cheaper mechanism for fine tuning called low
rank adaptation ()[LoRA](tag:lora)

> **Part of what makes LoRA so effective is that ... it’s stackable.**
>
> By contrast, training giant models from scratch not only
throws away the pretraining, but also any iterative
improvements that have been made on top.

> LoRA updates are very cheap to produce (~$100) for the
most popular model sizes.

> Many of these projects are saving time by training on
small, highly curated datasets...
> These
datasets are built using synthetic methods (e.g. filtering
the best responses from an existing model) and
scavenging from other projects

> Directly Competing With Open Source
Is a Losing Proposition

> Paradoxically, the one clear winner in all of this is Meta.
Because the leaked model was theirs ([LLaMA](tag:llama)), they have
effectively garnered an entire planet's worth of free labor.
Since most open source innovation is happening on top of
their architecture, there is nothing stopping them from
directly incorporating it into their products.

2023-05-04 About

[2010.03496] Inductive Entity Representations from Text via Link Prediction

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BLP "BERT for Link Prediction". Central idea: **training an entity encoder with a
link prediction objective** (using the textual descriptions of entities when computing entity representations - hence not failing with entities unknown in training)

> a method for **learning representations
of entities**, that uses a **pre-trained Transformer** based
architecture as an entity encoder, and
**link prediction training on a knowledge graph
with textual entity descriptions**.

> using entity descriptions,
an entity encoder is trained for link prediction in
a knowledge graph. The encoder can then be used
without fine-tuning to obtain features for entity classification
and information retrieval

Cites [Xie et al](doc:2020/10/representation_learning_of_know) and [Kepler](doc:2020/11/1911_06136_kepler_a_unified_). They claim that their
objective targeted exclusively for link prediction (and not an objective that combines language modeling
and link prediction as Kepler)
performs better than Kepler's more complex one.

2020-11-03 About

[1909.04164] Knowledge Enhanced Contextual Word Representations

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2020-05-13 About

[2003.05473] Investigating Entity Knowledge in BERT with Simple Neural End-To-End Entity Linking (CoNNL 2019)

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Training BERT-base-uncased on English Wikipedia and then fine-tuned and evaluating it
on an entity linking (EL) benchmark (EL implemented as a token classification over the entity vocabulary)

> BERT+Entity is a straightforward extension on top
of BERT, i.e. we initialize BERT with the publicly
available weights from the BERT-base-uncased
model and add an output classification layer on
top of the architecture. Given a contextualized token,
the classifier computes the probability of an
entity link for each entry in the entity vocabulary.

Can BERT’s architecture learn all entity
linking steps jointly? To answer:

> an extreme
simplification of the **entity linking setup that
works surprisingly well**: simply cast it as **a
per token classification over the entire entity
vocabulary** (over 700K classes in our case).

> the model
is the first that performs entity linking without any
pipeline or any heuristics, compared to all prior
approaches. We found that with our approach we
can learn additional entity knowledge in BERT that
helps in entity linking. **However, we also found
that almost none of the downstream tasks really
required entity knowledge**.

### Related work

- > [Durrett and Klein (2014)](/doc/2020/01/a_joint_model_for_entity_analys) were the first to propose
jointly modelling Mention detection, Candidate generation and Entity disambiguation in a graphical
model and could show that each of those steps are
interdependent and benefit from a joint objective

This paper uses neural techniques instead of CRF.

- > [Yamada](/showprop.do?pptyuri=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semanlink.net%2F2001%2F00%2Fsemanlink-schema%23arxiv_author&pptyval=Ikuya%2BYamada) (2016, 2017) was the first to
investigate neural text representations and entity
linking, but their approach is limited to ED.

cf. [#Wikipedia2Vec](tag:wikipedia2vec). Compare with [newer work by Yamada](doc:2020/09/1909_01259_neural_attentive_b)

2020-01-09 About

Keywords2vec

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2019-02-09 About

Romain Vial (Hyperlex) at Paris NLP meetup, slides

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2019-01-24 About

Word2Vec Tutorial - The Skip-Gram Model · Chris McCormick

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2017-09-10 About

An overview of word embeddings and their connection to distributional semantic models - AYLIEN (2016)

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2017-07-20 About