Semanlink - Internet AND Entities

Getting started with DeepMatcher.ipynb - Colaboratory

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2023-09-20 About

Daniel Daza sur Twitter : "BioBLP, a method for learning embeddings on multimodal knowledge graphs...."

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2023-06-07 About

[1904.04458] Knowledge-Augmented Language Model and its Application to Unsupervised Named-Entity Recognition

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Knowledge Augmented
Language Model (KALM)

a language
model with access to information available in a
KB, no assumptions
about the availability of additional components
(such as Named Entity Taggers) or annotations

> While classes of
named entities (e.g., person or location) occur frequently,
each individual name (e.g, Atherton or
Zhouzhuang) may be observed infrequently even
in a very large corpus of text. As a result language
models learn to represent accurately only the most
popular named entities

> knowing that Alice is a name
used to refer to a person should give ample information
about the context in which the word may
occur (e.g., Bob visited Alice).

> ---

> extends a traditional **RNN LM**

> we enhance a traditional LM with a
gating mechanism that controls whether a particular
word is modeled as a general word or as a reference
to an entity
>
> We train the model end-to-end
with only the traditional predictive language modeling
perplexity objective
>
> KALM is trained end-to-end using
a predictive objective on large corpus of text.

> To the best of our knowledge, KALM is the first
unsupervised neural NER approach.

> KALM extends a traditional, RNN-based neural
LM.

2022-08-31 About

[2205.00820] Entity-aware Transformers for Entity Search

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2022-07-12 About

[2205.04260] EASE: Entity-Aware Contrastive Learning of Sentence Embedding

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2022-05-11 About

[1909.00426] Global Entity Disambiguation with BERT

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2022-04-18 About

[2110.08151] mLUKE: The Power of Entity Representations in Multilingual Pretrained Language Models

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[Ikuya Yamada sur Twitter : "Is entity representation effective to improve multilingual language models?..."](doc:2022/04/ikuya_yamada_sur_twitter_is_)

> Recent studies have shown that multilingual pretrained language models can be effectively improved with cross-lingual alignment information from Wikipedia entities. However, **existing methods only exploit entity information in pretraining and do not explicitly use entities in downstream tasks**. In this study, we explore the **effectiveness of leveraging entity representations for downstream cross-lingual tasks**.
>
> the key insight is that incorporating entity representations into the input allows us to extract more language-agnostic features.

[Github](https://github.com/studio-ousia/luke)

> Entity representations are known to enhance
language models in mono-lingual settings
(Zhang et al., 2019: [ERNIE](tag:ernie.html); Peters et al., 2019:  [[1909.04164] Knowledge Enhanced Contextual Word Representations](doc:2020/05/1909_04164_knowledge_enhanced); Wang et al.,
2021 [[1911.06136] KEPLER: A Unified Model for Knowledge Embedding and Pre-trained Language Representation](doc:2020/11/1911_06136_kepler_a_unified_); Xiong et al., 2020; Yamada et al., 2020: [[2010.01057] LUKE: Deep Contextualized Entity Representations with Entity-aware Self-attention](doc:2020/11/2010_01057_luke_deep_context))
presumably by introducing real-world knowledge.
We show that using entity representations facilitates
cross-lingual transfer by providing languageindependent
features.
>
> Multilingual extension of LUKE. The model is trained with the multilingual
masked language modeling (MLM) task as well
as the masked entity prediction (MEP) task with
Wikipedia entity embeddings

> We investigate two ways of using the entity representations
in cross-lingual transfer tasks:
> 1. perform
entity linking for the input text, and append
the detected entity tokens to the input sequence.
The entity tokens are expected to provide language independent
features to the model
> 2. use the entity
[MASK] token from the MEP task as a languageindependent
feature extractor.

2022-04-17 About

Ikuya Yamada sur Twitter : "Is entity representation effective to improve multilingual language models?..."

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2022-04-13 About

Studio Ousia sur Twitter : "Now using LUKE is easier than ever!" / Twitter

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2022-03-15 About

[1909.10506] Learning Dense Representations for Entity Retrieval

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> We show that it is feasible to perform **entity
linking by training a dual encoder (two-tower)
model that encodes mentions and entities in
the same dense vector space**, where candidate
entities are retrieved by approximate nearest
neighbor search. Unlike prior work, **this setup
does not rely on an alias table followed by a
re-ranker, and is thus the first fully learned entity
retrieval model**.

Contributions:

> -  a dual encoder architecture for
learning entity and mention encodings suitable for
retrieval. A key feature of the architecture is that it
employs a modular **hierarchy of sub-encoders that
capture different aspects of mentions and entities**
> - a simple, fully unsupervised **hard negative
mining** strategy that produces massive gains
in retrieval performance, compared to using only
random negatives
> - high
quality candidate entities very efficiently using approximate nearest neighbor search
> - outperforms discrete retrieval
baselines like an alias table or BM25

> strong retrieval
performance across all 5.7 million Wikipedia entities in
around 3ms per mention

> since we are using a two-tower or dual
encoder architecture, **our model cannot use any kind of attention over
both mentions and entities at once**, nor feature-wise
comparisons as done by Francis-Landau et al. (2016).
This is a fairly severe constraint – for example, **we cannot
directly compare the mention span to the entity title**
– but it permits retrieval with nearest neighbor search
for the entire context against a single, all encompassing
representation for each entity

2021-05-01 About

kamalkraj/BERT-NER: Pytorch-Named-Entity-Recognition-with-BERT

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2021-02-07 About

Linking Entities with Knowledge Graphs | by Sigurd Berglann | Strise | Medium

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2021-02-05 About

[2010.00904] Autoregressive Entity Retrieval

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2021-01-14 About

[1911.03681] E-BERT: Efficient-Yet-Effective Entity Embeddings for BERT

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> way of **injecting factual knowledge about entities into the pretrained BERT model**.

(Feeding entity vectors
into BERT as if they
were wordpiece vectors without additional encoder
pretraining)

>
> **We align [Wikipedia2Vec](tag:wikipedia2vec) entity vectors (Yamada et al., 2016) with BERT's native wordpiece vector space and use the aligned entity vectors as if they were wordpiece vectors**. The resulting entity-enhanced version of BERT (called E-BERT) is similar in spirit to [ERNIE](tag:ernie) (Zhang et al., 2019) and [KnowBert](tag:knowbert) (Peters et al., 2019), but it **requires no expensive further pretraining of the BERT encoder**.
>
> Our vector space alignment strategy is inspired by
cross-lingual word vector alignment

Related work on Entity-enhanced BERT:

> ([ERNIE](doc:2019/08/_1905_07129_ernie_enhanced_la) and [Knowbert](doc:2020/05/1909_04164_knowledge_enhanced)) are based on the design principle
that BERT be adapted to entity vectors. They introduce
new encoder layers to feed pretrained entity
vectors into the Transformer, and they require additional
pretraining to integrate the new parameters.
In contrast, E-BERT’s design principle is that entity
vectors be adapted to BERT.
>
> Two other knowledge-enhanced MLMs are [KEPLER](doc:2020/11/1911_06136_kepler_a_unified_)
(Wang et al., 2019c) and K-Adapter (Wang
et al., 2020)... Their factual knowledge
does not stem from entity vectors – instead, they
are trained in a multi-task setting on relation classification
and knowledge base completion.

Not to be cofounded with [[2009.02835] E-BERT: A Phrase and Product Knowledge Enhanced Language Model for E-commerce](doc:2020/12/2009_02835_e_bert_a_phrase_a)

2021-01-12 About

Supporting content decision makers with machine learning | Dec, 2020 | Netflix TechBlog

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2020-12-11 About

[2010.01057] LUKE: Deep Contextualized Entity Representations with Entity-aware Self-attention

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2020-11-26 About

raphaelsty/ckb: Contextual knowledge bases

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2020-11-09 About

[2010.03496] Inductive Entity Representations from Text via Link Prediction

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BLP "BERT for Link Prediction". Central idea: **training an entity encoder with a
link prediction objective** (using the textual descriptions of entities when computing entity representations - hence not failing with entities unknown in training)

> a method for **learning representations
of entities**, that uses a **pre-trained Transformer** based
architecture as an entity encoder, and
**link prediction training on a knowledge graph
with textual entity descriptions**.

> using entity descriptions,
an entity encoder is trained for link prediction in
a knowledge graph. The encoder can then be used
without fine-tuning to obtain features for entity classification
and information retrieval

Cites [Xie et al](doc:2020/10/representation_learning_of_know) and [Kepler](doc:2020/11/1911_06136_kepler_a_unified_). They claim that their
objective targeted exclusively for link prediction (and not an objective that combines language modeling
and link prediction as Kepler)
performs better than Kepler's more complex one.

2020-11-03 About

TAGME: on-the-fly annotation of short text fragments!

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2020-10-11 About

[2010.00402] From Trees to Continuous Embeddings and Back: Hyperbolic Hierarchical Clustering

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2020-10-03 About

[1909.01259] Neural Attentive Bag-of-Entities Model for Text Classification

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A model that performs **text classification using entities in a knowledge base**.

> Entities provide unambiguous and relevant semantic signals that are beneficial for capturing semantics in texts. We combine **simple high-recall entity detection based on a dictionary** (word->list of entities), to detect entities in a document, with a novel neural **attention mechanism that enables the model to focus on a small number of unambiguous and relevant entities**.

2 steps:

1. Entity detection
2. Classification using the detected entities (+text) as inputs

Regarding entity linking, a local model which uses cosine
similarity between the embedding of the target
entity and the word-based representation of
the document to capture the relevance of an entity
given a document.

Embeddings from the KB: computed using [#Wikipedia2Vec](tag:wikipedia2vec) (similar words and entities
close to one another in a unified vector space)

Model using attention, with 2 features :

- cosine similarity between the
embedding of the entity and the word based
representation of the document
- the probability that the entity
name refers to the entity in KB.

Somewhat [related](doc:2020/01/investigating_entity_knowledge_)

### Conclusion:

>a neural
network model that performs text classification using
entities in Wikipedia. We combined simple
dictionary-based entity detection with a neural attention
mechanism to enable the model to focus
on a small number of unambiguous and relevant
entities in a document.

2020-09-02 About

[1812.06280] Wikipedia2Vec: An Efficient Toolkit for Learning and Visualizing the Embeddings of Words and Entities from Wikipedia

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2020-09-02 About

Ranked Entities in Search Results at Google

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2020-07-02 About

[1909.04164] Knowledge Enhanced Contextual Word Representations

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2020-05-13 About

Disambiguating KBpedia Knowledge Graph Concepts

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2020-05-03 About

[1911.03814] Scalable Zero-shot Entity Linking with Dense Entity Retrieval

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2020-05-02 About

Sebastian Riedel sur Twitter : Happy to introduce BLINK, the @facebookai open-source entity linker!...

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2020-05-02 About

[2004.06842] Layered Graph Embedding for Entity Recommendation using Wikipedia in the Yahoo! Knowledge Graph

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2020-04-17 About

Mapper Annotated Text Plugin | Elastic

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ElasticSearch: annotated text field

2020-03-14 About

Martynas Jusevicius sur Twitter : "Is there a solution for entity recognition that would use a local #KnowledgeGraph to look for matches? Ideally any SPARQL datasource..."

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2020-03-13 About

Unsupervised NER using BERT - Hands-on NLP model review - Quora

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2020-03-06 About

[2002.11402] Detecting Potential Topics In News Using BERT, CRF and Wikipedia

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2020-02-27 About

[2003.05473] Investigating Entity Knowledge in BERT with Simple Neural End-To-End Entity Linking (CoNNL 2019)

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Training BERT-base-uncased on English Wikipedia and then fine-tuned and evaluating it
on an entity linking (EL) benchmark (EL implemented as a token classification over the entity vocabulary)

> BERT+Entity is a straightforward extension on top
of BERT, i.e. we initialize BERT with the publicly
available weights from the BERT-base-uncased
model and add an output classification layer on
top of the architecture. Given a contextualized token,
the classifier computes the probability of an
entity link for each entry in the entity vocabulary.

Can BERT’s architecture learn all entity
linking steps jointly? To answer:

> an extreme
simplification of the **entity linking setup that
works surprisingly well**: simply cast it as **a
per token classification over the entire entity
vocabulary** (over 700K classes in our case).

> the model
is the first that performs entity linking without any
pipeline or any heuristics, compared to all prior
approaches. We found that with our approach we
can learn additional entity knowledge in BERT that
helps in entity linking. **However, we also found
that almost none of the downstream tasks really
required entity knowledge**.

### Related work

- > [Durrett and Klein (2014)](/doc/2020/01/a_joint_model_for_entity_analys) were the first to propose
jointly modelling Mention detection, Candidate generation and Entity disambiguation in a graphical
model and could show that each of those steps are
interdependent and benefit from a joint objective

This paper uses neural techniques instead of CRF.

- > [Yamada](/showprop.do?pptyuri=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.semanlink.net%2F2001%2F00%2Fsemanlink-schema%23arxiv_author&pptyval=Ikuya%2BYamada) (2016, 2017) was the first to
investigate neural text representations and entity
linking, but their approach is limited to ED.

cf. [#Wikipedia2Vec](tag:wikipedia2vec). Compare with [newer work by Yamada](doc:2020/09/1909_01259_neural_attentive_b)

2020-01-09 About

Named Entity Recognition with Bert – Depends on the definition

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2020-01-09 About

Introducing the Annotated Text Plugin for Elasticsearch: Search for Things (not Strings) | Elastic Blog

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ElasticSearch: annotated text field

2019-12-14 About

Named Entity Recognition with Pytorch Transformers – Pierre-Yves Vandenbussche

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2019-12-11 About - Local Copy

Elasticsearch RSS feed indexer with Spacy entity extraction

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2019-11-24 About

Meetup Paris #40 : Beyond plain text: elasticsearch’s annotated text field type (en anglais) - YouTube

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2019-11-24 About

[1910.03524] Beyond Vector Spaces: Compact Data Representation as Differentiable Weighted Graphs

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2019-10-09 About

Nandana Mihindukulasooriya sur Twitter : "I wonder if there is a service for disambiguation and entity linking for @wikidata where I can pass a text and get Wikidata entities mentioned in it!

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2019-07-13 About

Learning to Map Wikidata Entities To Predefined Topics

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2019-05-03 About

[1810.09164] Named Entity Disambiguation using Deep Learning on Graphs

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2019-04-26 About

Dandelion API - Semantic Text Analytics as a service

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2019-04-24 About

[1601.01343] Joint Learning of the Embedding of Words and Entities for Named Entity Disambiguation

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2019-01-27 About

Wikipedia2Vec

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2018-12-23 About

[Learning Note] StarSpace For Multi-label Text Classification

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2018-09-11 About

HyperE: Hyperbolic Embeddings for Entities

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2018-07-27 About

Tutorial on Poincaré Embeddings (Jupyter Notebook )

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2018-05-20 About

Implementing Poincaré Embeddings | RARE Technologies

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2018-05-20 About

[1709.03856] StarSpace: Embed All The Things!

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2018-05-13 About

[1603.01360] Neural Architectures for Named Entity Recognition

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2018-03-05 About

[1705.08039] Poincaré Embeddings for Learning Hierarchical Representations

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2017-12-16 About

Translating Embeddings (TransE) – Pierre-Yves Vandenbussche

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2017-09-09 About

Extraction de la semantique

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2014-06-18 About

Bing - Knowledge Widget (Beta)

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2014-04-04 About

NERD: Named Entity Recognition and Disambiguation

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2013-07-10 About

Wikilinks - Information Extraction and Synthesis Laboratory

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Wikilinks Corpus

2013-03-12 About

Learning from Big Data: 40 Million Entities in Context

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Wikilinks Corpus

2013-03-12 About

From Words to Concepts and Back: Dictionaries for Linking Text, Entities and Ideas

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2012-05-22 About

From Linked Data to Linked Entities: a Migration Path - Giovanni Bartolomeo, Stefano Salsano

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2012-04-20 About

LINDEN: Linking Named Entities with Knowledge Base via Semantic Knowledge

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2012-04-19 About

A Spectrometry of Linked Data

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Entity mining is still a troublesome open problem. In past years many approaches allowed to automate the generation of equivalence links between references using schema matching or various heuristics based on the recognition of similar property values. In contrast, few of them considered the analysis of the network of equivalence links (“equivalence network”) as an indication of the likelihood and strength of the equivalence.

Could a URI reference (URIRef) be thought as exactly “attached” to its referent? Could it make sense to talk about entity “identifiers” or would it be better to talk about more ambiguous “references”, i.e., placeholders for any model that satisfies the formal semantics of the Semantic Web (Hayes)? Booth observes that the aforementioned question, which in the past has been often regarded as fundamental in the debate about identity on the Web, is relatively unimportant. As long as an entity, identified by whatsoever URIRef, is associated to at least one description containing machine understandable information, this information can be automatically processed and used by applications.

2012-04-16 About

Linked Data Entity Extraction with Zemanta and OpenCalais - benjamin nowack's blog

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2010-08-12 About