Semanlink - Machine learning: problems AND Microsoft

> we study the taxonomy expansion task: given an
existing taxonomy and a set of new emerging concepts, we aim
to automatically expand the taxonomy to incorporate these new
concepts (without changing the existing relations in the given taxonomy).

> To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on **how to
expand an existing directed acyclic graph (as we model a taxonomy
as a DAG) using self-supervised learning**.

Self-supervised framework, the existing taxonomy being used as training data: it learns a model to predict whether a query concept is the direct hyponym of an anchor concept.

> 2 techniques:
>
> 1. a **position-enhanced graph neural network that encodes the local structure of an anchor concept** in the existing taxonomy,
> 2. a noise-robust training objective that enables the learned model to be insensitive to the label noise in the self-supervision data.

Regarding 1: uses [GNN](/tag/graph_neural_networks.html) to model the "ego network" of concepts (potential “siblings”
and “grand parents” of the query concept).

> Regular
GNNs fail to distinguish nodes with different relative positions to
the query (i.e., some nodes are grand parents of the query while
the others are siblings of the query). To address this limitation, we
present a simple but effective enhancement to inject such position
information into GNNs using position embedding. We show that
such embedding can be easily integrated with existing GNN architectures
(e.g., [GCN](/tag/graph_convolutional_networks) and GAT) and significantly boosts the
prediction performance

Regarding point 2: uses InfoNCE loss, cf. [Contrastive Predictive Coding](/doc/?uri=https%3A%2F%2Farxiv.org%2Fabs%2F1807.03748)

> Instead of predicting
whether each individual ⟨query concept, anchor concept⟩ pair
is positive or not, we first group all pairs sharing the same query
concept into a single training instance and learn a model to select
the positive pair among other negative ones from the group.

(Hum, ça me rappelle quelque chose)

> assume each concept (in existing taxonomy + set of new concepts) has an initial embedding
vector learned from some text associated with this concept.

To keep things tractable, only attempts to find a single parent node of each new concept.

2020-04-25 About

[2001.01447] Improving Entity Linking by Modeling Latent Entity Type Information

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2020-01-09 About

Deep InfoMax: Learning good representations through mutual information maximization - Microsoft Research

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2019-08-09 About

[1602.01137] A Dual Embedding Space Model for Document Ranking

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2019-07-17 About

Combining Knowledge with Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Short Text Classification (2017)

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2019-05-20 About

A Short Introduction to Learning to Rank (2010)

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2019-04-18 About

Ranking Measures and Loss Functions in Learning to Rank (2009)

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2019-04-18 About

[1810.00438] Parameter-free Sentence Embedding via Orthogonal Basis

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2018-10-06 About

Extreme Multi-label Learning with Label Features for Warm-start Tagging, Ranking & Recommendation (2018)

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2018-03-04 About

Knowledge Graph and Text Jointly Embedding (2014)

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2018-01-05 About

Learning Deep Structured Semantic Models for Web Search using Clickthrough Data - Microsoft Research (2013)

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2017-12-30 About

DSSM ("Deep Semantic Similarity Model") - Microsoft Research

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DSSM (Deep Semantic Similarity Model)

2017-12-30 About

Enriching Word Embeddings Using Knowledge Graph for Semantic Tagging in Conversational Dialog Systems - Microsoft Research (2015)

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> new simple, yet effective approaches to
learn domain specific word embeddings.

## Intro

> Adapting word embeddings, such as jointly capturing
syntactic and semantic information, can further enrich semantic
word representations for several tasks, e.g., sentiment
analysis (Tang et al. 2014), named entity recognition
(Lebret, Legrand, and Collobert 2013), entity-relation extraction
(Weston et al. 2013), etc. (Yu and Dredze 2014)
has introduced a lightly supervised word embedding learning
extending word2vec. They incorporate prior information to the objective
function as a regularization term considering synonymy relations
between words from Wordnet (Fellbaum 1999).

> In this work, we go one step further and investigate if
enriching the word2vec word embeddings trained on unstructured/
unlabeled text with domain specific semantic relations
obtained from knowledge sources (e.g., knowledge
graphs, search query logs, etc.) can help to discover relation
aware word embeddings. Unlike earlier work, **we encode the
information about the relations between phrases, thereby,
entities and relation mentions are all embedded into a low dimensional
vector space**.

## Related work (Learning Word Embeddings with Priors)

- word2vec
- Relational Constrained Model (RTM) (Yu and Dredze 2014)
While CBOW learns lexical word embeddings from provided text, the RTM learns embeddings of words based on their similarity to other words provided by a knowledge resource (eg. wordnet)
- Joint model  (Yu and Dredze 2014)
combines CBOW and RTM through linear combination

2017-10-02 About

Vectorland: Brief Notes from Using Text Embeddings for Search

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